Effect of sugammadex on postoperative nausea and vomiting after surgery for intracranial aneurysm / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of sugammadex on postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) after intracranial aneurysm surgery. Methods: Data from intracranial aneurysms patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent interventional surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital from January 2020 to March 2021 were prospectively included. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided by 1∶1 into the neostigmine+atropine group (group N) and the sugammadex group (group S). Use an acceleration muscle relaxation monitor for muscle relaxation monitoring, and administer neostigmine+atropine and sugammadex to block residual muscle relaxation drugs after surgery. The incidence rates of PONV and severity, the appearance of anesthesia, and the correlation between PONV and postoperative complications were recorded in both groups during five periods after surgery: 0-0.5 hours (T1),0.5-2.0 hours(T2),2.0-6.0 hours (T3),6.0-12.0 hours (T4) and 12.0-24.0 hours (T5). Group comparisons of quantitative data were performed by the independent sample t-test, and categorical data was performed by the χ2 or rank sum test. Results: A total of 66 patients were included in the study, including 37 males and 29 female, aged (59.3±15.4) years (range: 18 to 77 years). The incidence rates of PONV of 33 patients in group S at different time periods of T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 after surgery were respectively 27.3%(9/33),30.3%(10/33),12.1%(4/33),3.0%(1/33),0(0/33),and the incidence rates of PONV of 33 patients in the group N at different time periods of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 after surgery were respectively 36.4%(12/33),36.4%(12/33),33.3%(11/33),6.1%(2/33) and 0(0/33).The incidence of PONV was lower in the group S only in the T3 period after reversal than in the group N (χ2=4.227, P=0.040).However, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of PONV between the two groups of patients in other periods (all P>0.05). The recovery time for spontaneous breathing in patients in group S was (7.7±1.4) minutes, the extubation time was (12.4±5.3) minutes, and the safe exit time for anesthesia recovery was (12.3±3.4) minutes; the N groups were (13.9±2.0) minutes, (18.2±6.0) minutes, and (18.6±5.2) minutes, respectively; three time periods in group S were shorter than those in group N, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Analysis of the correlation between incidence and severity of PONV in two groups of patients at different periods and postoperative complications showed that only the severity of PONV in the T3 period of the group N was correlated with the incidence of postoperative complications (χ2=24.786,P<0.01);the incidence and severity of PONV during the T4 period were correlated with the incidence of postoperative complications (all P<0.01). There was a correlation between the incidence and severity of PONV in the T3 and T4 periods of group S and the incidence of postoperative complications (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Sugammadex can be used to reverse muscle relaxation in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm intervention surgery,and it does not have a significant impact on the incidence of PONV, it can also optimize the quality of anesthesia recovery and reduce the incidence of complications after intracranial aneurysm embolization surgery.

The chemical constituents and hypoglycemic activity of alcoholic extract of sea buckthorn leaves / 药学学报

The purpose of this research is to identify the chemical constituents of sea buckthorn leaves extract (SBLE) and explore its hypoglycemic biological activity. SBLE was prepared by hot reflux extraction with 65% ethanol, and its chemical composition was analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS) system. The animal experiments were compliant with ethical principles for animal use and had been approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Jinan University. Mice were injected with streptozocin (STZ) to establish a hyperglycemic animal model, and SBLE (1.5 g·kg-1) was administered by gavage for 5 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance were detected. Normal mice were given SBLE (1.5 g·kg-1) by intragastric administration for 10 days, and blood was collected from the tail vein to detect the changes in blood glucose within 120 min after sucrose or starch loading. The mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice was taken to detect the activity of α-glucosidase (AG), and the activity of yeast-derived AG incubated with SBLE was evaluated. The glucose uptake by Caco-2 cells treated with SBLE was detected by fluorescence microscopy and cytometry, and the gene expression of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in Caco-2 cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). A total of 18 compounds were identified, mainly including tannins and flavonoids. SBLE reduced FBG and increased oral glucose tolerance in STZ hyperglycemic mice. SBLE effectively inhibited the increase of blood glucose caused by starch intake in normal mice. SBLE exerted good inhibitory activity on yeast-derived AG (IC50 = 16.94 μg·mL-1) and small intestinal mucosa AG with an inhibition rate of 15.48%. SBLE (25-100 μg·mL-1) dose-dependently inhibited glucose uptake by Caco-2 cells, and SBLE significantly reduced the mRNA level of SGLT1 without changing the expression of GLUT2. In conclusion, the UHPLC characteristic fingerprint of SBLE is established with 18 chemical components identified by mass spectrometry, and SBLE exerts hypoglycemic effect by inhibiting the activity of AG and the absorption of glucose by intestinal epithelial cells.

MF-SuP-pKa: Multi-fidelity modeling with subgraph pooling mechanism for pKa prediction

Acid-base dissociation constant (pKa) is a key physicochemical parameter in chemical science, especially in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Current methodologies for pKa prediction still suffer from limited applicability domain and lack of chemical insight. Here we present MF-SuP-pKa (multi-fidelity modeling with subgraph pooling for pKa prediction), a novel pKa prediction model that utilizes subgraph pooling, multi-fidelity learning and data augmentation. In our model, a knowledge-aware subgraph pooling strategy was designed to capture the local and global environments around the ionization sites for micro-pKa prediction. To overcome the scarcity of accurate pKa data, low-fidelity data (computational pKa) was used to fit the high-fidelity data (experimental pKa) through transfer learning. The final MF-SuP-pKa model was constructed by pre-training on the augmented ChEMBL data set and fine-tuning on the DataWarrior data set. Extensive evaluation on the DataWarrior data set and three benchmark data sets shows that MF-SuP-pKa achieves superior performances to the state-of-the-art pKa prediction models while requires much less high-fidelity training data. Compared with Attentive FP, MF-SuP-pKa achieves 23.83% and 20.12% improvement in terms of mean absolute error (MAE) on the acidic and basic sets, respectively.

Research progress on the detection methods and their application in ferroptosis / 药学学报

Ferroptosis is a novel type of cell death, which is distinguished from the traditional cell death pathways such as apoptosis, proptosis, necrosis and autophagy in terms of morphology, biochemistry and genetics. The main features of ferroptosis are the iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The regulation mechanism of ferroptosis involves glutathione metabolism, lipid peroxidation reactions and iron metabolism, which are closely related to the pathological process of tumor, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia reperfusion injury, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, kidney injury, hepatic fibrosis and so on. How to effectively study the role of ferroptosis regulation mechanism in the treatment of diseases becomes the hot spot and focus of the ferroptosis research. In recent years, with the in-depth study of ferroptosis, the identification, confirmation and the mechanism of ferroptosis have been developed significantly and have come forth continuously, in the meantime, techniques based on the morphology, biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics have been widely applied in the detection of ferroptosis. In order to deepen readers' understanding of ferroptosis and its detection methods, this paper will mainly review the current research progress on the detection methods and their application in ferroptosis, summarize and discuss their advantages and disadvantages in the detection of ferroptosis, this knowledge are crucial for better understanding and studying the biological function of ferroptosis.

A clinical analysis of neurobehavioral development within one year after birth in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on neurobehavioral development within one year after birth in preterm infants.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the preterm infants with a gestational age of 0.05). Based on the Gesell Developmental Scale, compared with the non-BPD group, the BPD group had significantly lower global developmental quotient (DQ) and DQs of fine motor, adaptive behavior, and personal-social behavior at the corrected gestational ages of 3, 6, and 12 months (P0.05). The mental development index at the corrected gestational age of 3 months was significantly higher than that at the corrected gestational ages of 6 and 12 months in both groups (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Preterm infants with BPD have delayed neurodevelopment within one year after birth compared with those without BPD, which should be taken seriously in clinical practice.

Inhibitory effects of baicalein against herpes simplex virus type 1

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous and widespread human pathogen, which gives rise to a range of diseases, including cold sores, corneal blindness, and encephalitis. Currently, the use of nucleoside analogs, such as acyclovir and penciclovir, in treating HSV-1 infection often presents limitation due to their side effects and low efficacy for drug-resistance strains. Therefore, new anti-herpetic drugs and strategies should be urgently developed. Here, we reported that baicalein, a naturally derived compound widely used in Asian countries, strongly inhibited HSV-1 replication in several models. Baicalein was effective against the replication of both HSV-1/F and HSV-1/Blue (an acyclovir-resistant strain)

Effect of Indirubin and Sheng-Xue-Xiao-Ban Capsule (SXXBC) on Promoting Peripheral Platelet in ITP Model Mice / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect of Sheng-Xue-Xiao-Ban Capsule (SXXBC) and indirubin to the peripheral platelets of the Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) model mouse.@*METHODS@#The ITP mouse model was established by the method of passive immunization. SXXBC and indirubin were used for intervention treatment. Then the hemorrhagic phenomena of ITP mice were observed and the numbers of peripheral platelets, hemoglobin and white blood cells, bone marrow megakaryocytes and their classification and coagulation function were detected and compared.@*RESULTS@#The improvement rate of hemorrhage in SXXBC group was 40% for small dose, 60% for medium dose and 80% for high dose, while the improvement rate of hemorrhage in indirubin group was 30% for small dose, 50% for medium dose and 60% for high dose. There was no statistically significant difference in the improvement rate of hemorrhage between the two groups (P＞0.05). Compared with the model control group, PLT and Hb increased in different doses of SXXBC and indirubin group 4th-8th day after drug intervention (P＜0.05, 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the different doses of SXXBC group and indirubin group (P＞0.05). Compared with the model control group, the WBC in each group was significantly lower (P＜0.05, 0.01) on the 4th-8th day after drug intervention; However, there was no statistical significance between the two groups of SXXBC and indirubin (P＞0.05). Compared with the model control group, the total number of megakaryocytes in each treatment group were decreased (P＜0.05, P＜0.01), in which the number of primary megakaryocytes in the large and medium dose groups of SXXBC and indirubin were decreased (P＜0.05, 0.01), and the number of juvenile megakaryocytes in the large dose group of SXXBC and indirubin were also decreased (P＜0.05). The number of granular megakaryocytes were decreased in each intervention groups (P＜0.05, 0.01), and the number of thromocytogenic megakaryocyte was increased in the high and medium dose groups of SXXBC and indirubin (P＜0.01). The time of prothrombin was shortened in the high and medium dose groups of SXXBC and indirubin (P＜0.05), and the fibrinogen (FIB) content in the high and medium dose groups of SXXBC was close to that of the normal control group.@*CONCLUSION@#Both of the SXXBC and the indirubin standard all show good hemostatic effects. Indirubin shows a positive effect on increasing the peripheral platelet and hemoglobin in ITP model mice, regulating the immune response, reducing the total number of bone marrow megakaryocytes, increasing the thromocytogenic megakaryocyte, and increasing coagulation function.

Differential Expression and Signal Transduction Analysis of MicroRNA Related to Kidney Yang Deficiency in Kidney Tissues of Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: Microarray chip was used to detect the differentially expressed microRNA (miRNA) in kidney tissues of rats with kidney-Yang deficiency induced by adenine,and its significance was analyzed by bioinformatics method. Method: Rats with kidney-Yang deficiency were induced by intragastric administration of 150 mg·kg-1 adenine in model group, while rats in normal group were given the same amount of saline.Kidney tissues were taken for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining pathological sections after anesthesia and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (SCr) in blood and 24-hour urinary protein (24U-TP) in urine were measured. μParaflo microfluidic chip technology was used to investigate differential expression miRNA in kidney tissues, and microarray results were verified by Real-time PCR. Bioinformatics database was used to analyze the target genes and functions of differential expression miRNAs. Result: Gene chip results showed that there were 50 differentially expressed microRNAs after modeling. Compared with control group, only 9 miRNAs were highly expressed in kidney tissues with significant difference were detected in model group. Compared with the normal group, the expression of rno-miR-21-5p, rno-let-7i-5p, rno-miR-146b-5p and rno-miR-15b-5p in model group increased significantly(PPPPPConclusion: This experiment found 4 miRNAs involved in the regulation of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and 2miRNAs with unknown functions, which provided a new clue for further analysis of the regulatory network of kidney-yang deficiency.

Cloning, space-time expression and bioinformatics analysis of ACS3 gene from different species of Lonicera macranthoides / 中草药

Objective To clone ACS3 gene from wild type and ‘Xianglei’ cultivar of Lonicera macranthoides, respectively, followed by bioinformatics analysis and detection of spatio-temporal expression pattern. Methods Unigene sequence which is highly homologous with ACS protein from the transcriptome database of L. macranthoides was screened, the primers were designed based on it to amplify the full length of the Unigene by qRT-PCR and RACE techniques; Bioinformatics tools were used to analyze and identify the physicochemical property, conserved domain and gene homology of ACS3 proteins; Finally, qRT-PCR technique was used to detect the gene expression patterns of different species of L. macranthoides. Results Lm-ACS3 (GenBank: MH724196) and Lm-XL-ACS3 (GenBank: MH724197) were isolated from wild type and ‘Xianglei’ cultivar of L. macranthoides, respectively. The length of open reading frame (ORF) were all 1 452 bp, encoding 483 amino acids, containing the conserved Aminotran_1_2 structural domain, which were highly similar to the ACC synthase of other plants; And qRT-PCR results showsed that the expression quantity of ACS3 gene in wild L. macranthoides changed significantly at different blossoming stages, the overall trend was upward from flowering stage 3, while the expression difference between the flowering stages was relatively small in “Xianglei” cultivar. Conclusion Lm-ACS3 and Lm-XL-ACS3 gene were separately obtained from L. macranthoides and L. macranthoides ‘Xianglei’ cultivar, the expression patterns of ACS3 in this two varieties were different; It’s speculated that ACS3 gene might be a possible functional gene that causing different phenotypes of two strains of L. macranthoides, it provides theoretical basis for further verifying the biological function of ACS3 gene in regulating flower’s bud duration and phenotype.

Correlation between clinicopathological features and BRAF~(V600E) Egene mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between clinicopathological features and BRAF~(V600E) gene mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC). METHODS: The data of 290 cases of PTC admitted from August 2016 to May 2018 in Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. All the cases of PTC were examined by BRAF~(V600E) immunohistochemistry after operation. Mutation positive group included 192 cases. Mutation negative group included 59 cases and partial mutation group included 39 cases. The cases of partial mutantion were excluded. The clinicopathological differences between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: By statistical analysis,there was a statistical difference between two groups in the invasion of the capsule(P<0.05). In the two groups(microcarcinoma and non-microcarcinoma),there was the same result.There was no statistical difference in other indexes. CONCLUSION: In patients with PTC,BRAF~(V600E) gene mutation is not associated with the clinicopathological features of the PTC. Patients with non-BRAF~(V600E) gene mutations are more likely to invade the membranes of microcarcinomas and non-microcarcinomas.

Application of OCTA in fundus examination and its relationship with ocular axis in adolescents / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To study the relationship between optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and eye axis in adolescents.<p>METHODS: Prospective non-randomized clinical study. The clinical data of 33 cases(66 eyes)were collected and analyzed. All the subjects underwent naked vision, diopter, corrected visual acuity, axial measurement and OCT examination. SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between the results of OCTA and the eye axis.<p>RESULTS: The mean axial length was(24.46±1.50)mm, the mean vascular density in macular area was(47.88±2.56)%, and the mean thickness of nerve fiber layer in macular area was(278.61±15.08)μm. The mean perioptic vessel density was(57.79±2.99)%, and the mean capillary density was(53.08±3.49)%. There was a negative correlation between the length of the eye axis and the thickness of the nerve fiber layer in the macular area(<i>P=</i>0.006), but there was no correlation between the axial length and the other results.<p>CONCLUSION: There was a negative correlation between the thickness of nerve fiber layer in macular area and the eye axis, but there was no correlation between the blood vessel density and the eye axis in the detection of fundus OCTA in adolescents.

Effect of Zhenwu Tang on regulating of "AVP-V2R-AQP2" pathway in NRK-52E cells / 中国中药杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Zhenwu Tang on AVP-V2R-AQP2 pathway in NRK-52E cells . Forty eight male SD rats were randomly divided into eight groups with 6 animals in each group. Distilled water or 22.68 g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹ Zhenwu Tang(calculated by raw drug dosage meter) was given by gavage. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture， and the medicated serum was centrifuged from the blood by 3 000 r·min⁻¹. NRK-52E cells were treated with different medicated serum or dDAVP. The condition of cell proliferation was detected by RTCA. The distribution of V2R and AQP2 in cells were detected by immunofluorescence. The expression of V2R， PKA and AQP2 were detected by Western blot and AQP2 mRNA level was detected by real-time PCR. Results showed that the level of AQP2 mRNA(<0.01) and protein expression of V2R， PKA and AQP2(<0.05， <0.01， <0.05) of Z7d group which was treated with Zhenwu Tang medicated serum for 24 h were significantly higher than that of normal rat serum group. And the expression level of V2R， p-AQP2 and AQP2(<0.01， <0.05， <0.01) of Z7d+dDAVP group were significantly increased comparing to normal rat serum group. The results indicate that the applying of Zhenwu Tang medicated serum could increase the expression level of V2R， PKA and AQP2 which exist in AVP-V2R-AQP2 pathway in NRK-52E， and there is synergistic effect between Zhenwu Tang medicated serum and dDAVP. So the pathway of AVP-V2R-AQP2 may be one of the mechanism for which Zhenwu Tang regulate balance of water transportation.

Scleral buckling-induced ocular parameter changes in patients of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the ocular parameter changes following scleral buckling(SB)for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD). <p>METHODS: This retrospective, non-randomized case-control study included 46 eyes of 23 patients who underwent SB for RRD. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), diopter, intraocular pressure(IOP), anterior chamber depth(ACD), the number of corneal endothelial cells, axial length and the degree of exophthalmos were evaluated in the operated eyes and the follow eyes postoperatively at 3mo. <p>RESULTS: After SB surgery, retina reattachment was achieved without any obvious complications or adverse reactions in all follow-up patients. Among all parameters, the significant decrease in BCVA of 0.15(LogMAR BCVA, <i>P</i>=0.007), in anterior chamber depth(ACD)of 0.29mm(<i>P</i>=0.011)and increase in the degree of exophthalmos of 0.54mm(<i>P</i>=0.047)were observed; the surgery-induced changes for other parameters, including diopter, IOP, counts of endothelial cells and axial length, were not significantly different(<i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: SB is a good technique for repairing RRD. It brings SB-induced changes in ACD and the degree of exophthalmos.

Minocycline inhibits formalin-induced inflammatory pain and the underlying mechanism / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To unravel the underlying mechanism of minocycline in formalin-induced inflammatory pain, and to investigate the effects of minocycline on synaptic transmission in substantia gela-tinosa (SG) neurons of rat spinal dorsal horn.@*METHODS@#Behavioral and immunohistochemistry experiments: 30 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (3-5 weeks old) were randomly assigned to control (n=8 rats), model (n=8 rats), saline treatment model (n=6 rats) and minocycline treatment model (n=8 rats) groups. The control group was subcutaneously injected with normal saline on the right hindpaws. Acute inflammatory pain model was established by injecting 5% (volume fraction) formalin into the right hindpaws. The rats in the latter two groups received intraperitoneal injection of saline and minocycline 1 h before the formalin injection, respectively. The time of licking and lifting was recorded every 5 min within 1 h after the subcutaneous injection of normal saline or formalin for all the groups, which was continuously recorded for 1 h. One hour after the pain behavioral recording, the spinal cord tissue was removed following transcardial perfusion of 4% paraformaldehyde. The expression of c-Fos protein in spinal dorsal horn was observed by immunohistochemistry. Electrophysiological experiment: In vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in spinal cord parasagittal slices obtained from 26 male SD rats (3-5 weeks old). Two to five neurons were randomly selected from each rat for patch-clamp recording. the effects of minocycline, fluorocitrate and doxycycline on spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) or spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) of SG neurons were investigated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, both the licking and lifting time and the expression of c-Fos protein in ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn of the model group were significantly increased. Intraperitoneal injection of minocycline largely attenuated the second phase of formalin-induced pain responses (t=2.957, P<0.05). Moreover, c-Fos protein expression was also dramatically reduced in both the superficial lamina (I-II) and deep lamina (III-IV) of spinal dorsal horn (tI-II=3.912, tIII-IV=2.630, P<0.05). On the other side, bath application of minocycline significantly increased the sIPSCs frequency to 220%±10% (P<0.05) of the control but did not affect the frequency (100%±1%, t=0.112, P=0.951) and amplitude (98%±1%, t=0.273, P=0.167) of sEPSCs and the amplitude (105%±3%, t=0.568, P=0.058) of sIPSCs. However, fluorocitrate and doxycycline had no effect on the frequency [(99%±1%, t=0.366, P=0.099); (102%±1%, t=0.184, P=0.146), respectively] and amplitude [(98%±1%, t=0.208, P=0.253); (99%±1%, t=0.129, P=0.552), respectively] of sIPSCs.@*CONCLUSION@#Minocycline can inhibit formalin-induced inflammatory pain and the expression of c-Fos protein in spinal dorsal horn. These effects are probably due to its enhancement in inhibitory synaptic transmission of SG neurons but not its effect on microglial activation or antibiotic action.

Protective effect of β-asarone on AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ₁₋₄₂ combined 2-VO and its mechanism / 中国中药杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of β-asarone on the animal model of Alzheimer's disease(AD) which was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ₁₋₄₂ combined cerebral ischemia. One hundred and five rats were randomly divided into seven groups including sham-operated group, AD model group, β-asarone 10 mg•kg⁻¹ group, β-asarone 20 mg•kg⁻¹ group, β-asarone 30 mg•kg⁻¹ group, donepezil group(0.75 mg•kg⁻¹) and Ginkgo biloba extract group(24 mg•kg⁻¹). Rats' learning and memory abilities, cerebric regional blood flow, pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region, the expression level of HIF-1α and serum CAT, SOD and MDA level were detected 4 weeks later. The results showed that the application of intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ₁₋₄₂ joint 2-VO could lead to rats' dysfunction of learning and memory, decrease in regional cerebral blood flow. Neurons in CA1 region were arranged in disorder, and amyloid deposition was increased. The number of cerebral cortical cells expressing HIF-1α was increased as well. The level of serum CAT and SOD decreased, while level of serum MDA increased. However these symptoms were improved by 20 mg•kg⁻¹ and 30 mg•kg⁻¹ β-asarone. The results indicated that β-asarone could effectively relieve the symptoms of the AD model induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ₁₋₄₂ combined cerebral ischemia, and the potential mechanism might be that it could attenuate damage of MDA to the body by improving the level of CAT and SOD, meanwhile the level of HIF-1α decreased as the decline of hyperoxide which might attenuate its damage to neuron, so it finally achieved alleviating Alzheimer's disease.

Reference Intervals of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Peripheral Blood for Chinese Minors and Adults / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content measured by different techniques cannot be compared between studies, and age- and tissue-related control values are hardly available. In the present study, we aimed to establish the normal reference range of mtDNA copy number in the Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two healthy cohorts of 200 Chinese minors (0.1-18.0 years) and 200 adults (18.0-88.0 years) were recruited. Then, they were further categorized into eight age groups. The absolute mtDNA copy number per cell was measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We subsequently used this range to evaluate mtDNA content in four patients (0.5-4.0 years) with molecularly proven mitochondrial depletion syndromes (MDSs) and 83 cases of mitochondrial disease patients harboring the m.3243A>G mutation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The reference range of mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood was 175-602 copies/cell (mean: 325 copies/cell) in minors and 164-500 copies/cell (mean: 287 copies/cell) in adults. There was a decreasing trend in mtDNA copy number in blood with increasing age, especially in 0-2-year-old and >50-year-old donors. The mean mtDNA copy number level among the mitochondrial disease patients with m.3243A>G mutation was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. The mtDNA content of POLG, DGUOK, TK2, and SUCLA2 genes in blood samples from MDS patients was reduced to 25%, 38%, 32%, and 24%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We primarily establish the reference intervals of mtDNA copy number, which might contribute to the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of mitochondrial disease.</p>

Peripheral nerve repair：theory and technology application / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Recovery of motor and sensory function from peripheral nerve injury is relatively slow and incomplete. It is a difficult problem for orthopedic surgeons that mainly leads to the decline in the quality of life in patients. OBJECTIVE: To conclude the methods and corresponding outcomes in peripheral nerve regeneration by analyzing the new treatment means for peripheral nerve injury. METHODS:PubMed, Wanfang, CNKI databases were retrieved for relevant articles using key words of “nerve injury, regeneration”, and then retrieval data were sorted and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In recent years, in-depth studies on peripheral nerve repair have been made in the folowing aspects: surgical mode, drug, cytokine, gene transfer and biomaterials as wel as traditional Chinese medicine. If the detect size is four times longer than the diameter of nerves, the nerve regeneration chamber can achieve good outcomes. The methods of restoring nerve continuity folowing nerve injury are developed from surgical anastomosis to photochemohistological method, thermal laser welding, plastic repair and other emerging technologies. Studies have found that plasminogen activator, nerve growth factor, neurotrophic factor, recombinant erythropoietin, human tissue kalikrein, B vitamins and their derivatives, herbal preparations, immunosuppressive agents al can promote nerve regeneration.

Craniocerebral injury promotes sciatic nerve regeneration / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that craniocerebral injury can promote the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats, but its precise mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To further explore the action mechanism of craniocerebral injury on the repair of sciatic nerve injury using morphology and histology. METHODS:Sixty specific-pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. Rats with craniocerebral injury and sciatic nerve injury were considered as the experimental group. Rats with simple sciatic nerve injury were considered as the control group. Classical Feeney method was used in models of craniocerebral injury and SunderlandV sciatic nerve injury. At 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, sciatic nerve index was detected. Masson staining and NF200 immunofluorescence staining were used to observethe nerve regeneration atthe anstomotic site. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the number of regenerative axons. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, compared with the control group, gait and sciatic nerve index recovered better in the experimental group. In the experimental group, Masson staining showed fewer nerve membrane colagen fibers, and the axon arranged neatly.NF200 immunohistochemistry showed that in the experimental group, the density of regenerated nerves was high, and nerveswere regularly distributed. Transmission electron microscopy showed that in the experimental group, regenerative axons were regularly arranged, colagen scar was less, and myelin layer arranged regularly. Results suggested that the craniocerebral injury in rats may promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury by reducing scar colagen in nerve endings.

Rebound depolarization of substantia gelatinosa neurons and its modulatory mechanisms in rat spinal dorsal horn / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the rebound depolarization of substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons in rat spinal dorsal horn and explore its modulatory mechanisms to provide better insights into rebound depolarization-related diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Parasagittal slices of the spinal cord were prepared from 3- to 5-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The electrophysiologic characteristics and responses to hyperpolarization stimulation were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The effects of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated cation (HCN) channel blockers and T-type calcium channel blockers on rebound depolarization of the neurons were studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 63 SG neurons were recorded. Among them, 23 neurons showed no rebound depolarization, 19 neurons showed rebound depolarization without spikes, and 21 neurons showed rebound depolarization with spikes. The action potential thresholds of the neurons without rebound depolarization were significantly higher than those of the neurons with rebound depolarization and spikes (-28.7∓1.6 mV vs -36.0∓2.0 mV, P<0.05). The two HCN channel blockers CsCl and ZD7288 significantly delayed the latency of rebound depolarization with spike from 45.9∓11.6 ms to 121.6∓51.3 ms (P<0.05) and from 36.2∓10.3 ms to 73.6∓13.6 ms (P<0.05), respectively. ZD7288 also significantly prolonged the latency of rebound depolarization without spike from 71.9∓35.1 ms to 267.0∓68.8 ms (P<0.05). The T-type calcium channel blockers NiCl2 and mibefradil strongly decreased the amplitude of rebound depolarization with spike from 19.9∓6.3 mV to 9.5∓4.5 mV (P<0.05) and from 26.1∓9.4 mV to 15.5∓5.0 mV (P<0.05), respectively. Mibefradil also significantly decreased the amplitude of rebound depolarization without spike from 14.3∓3.0 mV to 7.9∓2.0 mV (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nearly two-thirds of the SG neurons have rebound depolarizations modulated by HCN channel and T-type calcium channel.</p>

Protective effect of β-asarone on PC12 cells injury induced by Aβ₁₋₄₂ astrocytic activation / 中国中药杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of β-asarone on PC12 cells injury induced byAβ₁₋₄₂ activated astrocytes, and provide experimental basis for β-asarone application in the prevention and control of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Firstly, RA-h and PC12 cells were co-cultured in the special transwell chamber, and the Real time cell analysis (RTCA) system was used to real-time observe its effect on PC12 cells survival rate in the co-culture system after astrocytes injury induced by Aβ₁₋₄₂. The best intervention time of β-asarone was selected according to the survival curve and parameters generated automatically. β-asarone with different concentrations was used for intervention on astrocytes, then the changes of PC12 cells survival rate in the co-culture system were observed. Secondly, MTT assay was used to detect the effect of Aβ₁₋₄₂ on PC12 cells survival rate as well as the intervention effect of β-asarone, and verify the testing results of RTCA. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and BDNF in culture media of the lower chamber were detected by ELISA. The NF-κB activity and phosphorylation levels of ERK, p38 and JNK were detected by Western blot. Results showed that β-asarone (55.5 mg•L⁻¹) could significantly slowdown the decline of PC12 cells survival rate caused by Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced RA-h activation (P<0.01), significantly reduce the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and the phosphorylation levels of ERK, p38 and JNK in culture media of the lower chamber (P<0.01). β-asarone(166.7 mg•L⁻¹) could promote the release of BDNF in culture media of the lower chamber(P<0.05). These results indicated that Aβ₁₋₄₂ could induce RA-h activation and its release of IL-1β, TNF-α and other inflammatory factors to aggravate the PC12 cells injury; β-asarone could reduce the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, promote the release of BDNF, and inhibit the NF-κB activity as well as phosphorylation levels of ERK, p38 and JNK protein in PC12 cells.